Wood screw shear strength calculator. Energy UA Calculator.
Wood screw shear strength calculator ) 2 b b L 96 M w You can also calculate shear by multiplying the tensile value by 60%. The shear stress from transverse forces is critical in the design of thin-walled members. if your length is Design properties for metric hex bolts (Typical coarse pitch thread) Dimensions Hole diameter d 0 [mm] Areas Tensile resistance F t,Rd [kN] Shear resistance per shear plane F v,Rd [kN] Maximum bearing resistance per mm of connected plate thickness F b,Rd / t [kN/mm] (for adequate distances e 1 ≥3d 0, e 2 ≥1. 8, 10. Some notes from larger wood thickness. Subject to Renewal: April 1, 2023. In keep-ing with the dual-format of the NDS, both allowable stress design (ASD) and load and resistance factor design (LRFD) provisions Determining Screw Shear Strengths 06 Oct 2024 Tags: Calculations Concepts User questions shear strength of screw Popularity: ⭐⭐⭐. 0. This calculator performs a comprehensive check of loads in any axis/direction in order to resolve bending moments, shear forces and axial forces into equivalent in-plane and out-of-plane forces on the bolt group. Shear strength — the amount of weight a fastener can support perpendicular to its body before compromising its structural integrity. See also Wrapping Paper Calculator Online. This placement is crucial because it affects the screw’s A bolt pull-out force is the amount of weight applied to a bolt to remove it from the material it is piercing. I could not find a calculator for screws installed parallel to the grain, but I did find a nice meta-analysis of endgrain withdrawal force research for nails. 4. 15. 6. Equivalents for Calculate the lateral strength of wood connections for each yield limit mode for both single shear and double shear connections. Both lateral (single and double shear) and withdrawal capacities can be Easily determine the shear capacity of lag screws in wood with the Wood Screw Shear Strength Calculator. 4 N. Biggest disadvantage of woodscrews is they pull out easily, so you wouldn'y screw on the bottom of the box from the bottom, you would have the Material Properties: Gather information on the material’s shear strength and shear modulus. Minimum fastener penetration shall be equal to the screw length less the thickness of the wood side member. Screw Finish Assessing Screw Shear and Pullout Strength. Reference withdrawal design values, W, should be multiplied by all applicable adjustment Choosing the optimal wood screw — size, strength, and silhouette When choosing the ideal wood screw, remember that fasteners are not intended for universal application. This ensures you The AS 1720 Wood Connection Calculator provides the following outputs: Characteristic strength of fastener; Shear capacity for type 1 connections; Withdrawal capacity for type 2 connections; Quickly find the tensile, yield, proof, and estimated shear strengths of your bolts. Washers / lock washers Washers / lock washers; Non-Metal, Plastic Strength Grade Designation System of Steel Bolts and Screws; UN External Screw Threads Formulas and Calculator; Screw Threads Formula and Calculator for Internal Unified Inch UN Screw; Thread Shear Area for External and Internal Formulas and Calculator per. Example 1 addresses application of TR12 for three lag screw connections having identical side and main members but different screw geometry. All clause numbers given for O86-14. It installs with no predrilling and has been extensively tested in various applications. Unthreaded The formula to calculate the Lag Screw Capacity (C) is: \[ C = \left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) \times D^2 \times S \] Lag screws are characterized by their hexagonal heads and coarse threading, which allows them to be driven into wood or other materials without the need for a nut. thread root diameter 12. Energy UA Calculator. Scenario: You are using a 1/2-inch diameter bolt embedded 4 inches deep into a concrete wall. Be familiar with Technical Report 12 and provisions for connection design beyond NDS requirements. While diameter plays a key role, several other factors also impact a screw’s shear and tensile strength: Screw Material. 1, Yield Limit Equations For Lag Screws, Wood Screws, Nails and Spikes: The following is for calculating lateral strength of a connection made up of lag screws, wood screws or nails and spikes using the yield limit equations. See the reference section for details on the methodology and the equations used. The flathead screw is most commonly used if a flush surface is desired. ASD: LRFD : Reference design value for shear (Fv - psi or kPa) Metric bolt grades and strength calculator to show proof strength, tensile strength, Vickers / Brinell hardness, minimum breaking torque and stress area of metric bolts and screws made of carbon steel and alloy steel with designations 4. 2 Notation 25 Introduction To Wood Screw Weight Limits. 11. Be familiar with current wood member connection solutions and applicable design requirements. (make sure your shear strength is in units compatible with your length, e. Material: The wood shear stress calculator can then be used to calculate the shear stress and allowable stress of the wooden beams and members, and to optimize the design for safety and efficiency. Heights and Areas Calculator. 3. Directions: Enter values for type of fastener (bolt, lag screw, or nail); fastener dimensions; number of shear planes (single or double, with double only available for bolted Wood Shear Stress Design Formulas and Calculator - The actual shear stress parallel to grain induced in a sawn lumber, structural glued laminated timber, structural composite lumber, or timber pole or pile bending member shall be Using the Wood Connection Calculator, you can input these values, and the calculator will provide you with the connection strength in Newtons, ensuring that your wooden beam can withstand the specified load without Calculate the shear strength for a wood connection member. g. One prime BOLT CALCULATOR. By using this Load Calculator, you agree to the following terms and conditions: The following tensile, yield, Bolt or Pin In Single Shear Equation and Calculator. Diameter of Lag Screw (D) = 10 mm; Shear Strength (S) Screw Soil Capacity Calculation 05 Oct 2024 Tags: Calculations Explanation Concepts screw shear strength calculator Popularity: ⭐⭐⭐. There's an astonishing calculator located fastener calculator which uses a formula far beyond my comprehension: Calculate Connection Member Shear Strength: Calculation: Designer/Checker: AWC 2012 NDS For Wood Construction 3. 8, 5. Written June 23, 2008, modified October 27, 2014. 40 for plain or screw shank nails and 0. 250"-diameter high-strength structural wood screw ideal for various connector installations as well as wood-to-wood and engineered wood applications. Let’s walk through an example to better understand how the Bolt Pull Out Force Calculator works. E. There are more similarities between the wood screw provisions and the nail provisions, than anything relating to lag screws with respect to the code. Higher values for screw strength (Pss, Pts), may be obtained by specifying screws from a specific manufacturer. But if you have 6 feet of space to sink screws in, and you think the thing you're screwing the six feet of wood into is stable, you could literally put like 24 screw in it. Different types of wood screws have varying weight capacities, so it’s important to ASSY self-tapping screws are widely used in mass timber applications including lateral connections. 5 Bolted Connection through Solid and Hollow Members – Double Shear 23 4 References References24 Appendix A Dowel Bearing Strength and Fastener Bending Yield Strength A. Issue Date: June 20, 2011 . During projects of all types, there are many factors to consider to ensure your work is structurally sound and protected from the elements. Wood Screws 8–10 Withdrawal Resistance 8–10 Lateral Resistance 8–11 Lag Screws 8–12 Withdrawal Resistance 8–12 Lateral Resistance 8–13 Bolts 8–14 The strength and stability of any structure depend heav-ily on the fastenings that hold its parts together. 08. 4-6 & 3. 9. This calculator provides the calculation of ultimate bearing capacity of a screw in soil. What is Thread Pull Out Force? Thread pull out force is the force required to pull a threaded connection out of its engagement. Shear Strength of Screw Calculation. Automation Components. For example southern pine is much stronger and stiffer than ings—nails, spikes, screws, bolts, lag screws, drift pins, staples, and metal connectors of various types. main-member size and strength of the com - ponents. See the instructions within the documentation for more details on performing this analysis. 1. Input the cross-sectional area where the shear force is applied. where p is again the pullout strength; pi=3. For comprehensive list of standards Wood related Standards. It’s designed to determine the maximum safe span for wooden beams based on various factors such as the beam’s dimensions, wood species, and load requirements. also, there are factors for the load duration, moisture content of the $\begingroup$ Found a 'connection calculator': Wood Structural Panel Design Capacities Based on Span Ratings(a) Strength Planar Shear Stiffness and Rigidity Bending F b S (lb-in/ft of width) Axial Tension F t A (lb/ft of width) Axial Compression F c A (lb/ft of width) Shear through the thickness (b,c) v t v (lb/in of shear-resisting panel length) Planar Shear s (Ib/Q) (lb/ft of width Throw more screws in if you're worried about it. 4: Ash - Black, Blue, Green, Oregon, White: Wood Screws - Withdrawal Force Allowable withdrawal load force. 3. This tool Single Shear, Wood Side Plates Type 1 Single Shear, Steel Side Plates Type 7 Single Shear, Steel Side Plates Type 8 Double Shear, Steel Side Plates Type 9 Double This shear stress calculator calculates the shear stress due to transverse loads and the shear stress due to torsion applied on a circular shaft. Capacities based on the AISI S100 Specification Sections E2. 2 Notation 25 Example of Bolt Pull Out Force Calculator. 4. About Us; Careers; In the Press; RESOURCES. When the wood Using lag screws to fasten sheathing to multi-ply wood columns can be tricky, especially when it comes to positioning the screws in relation to the edges of the wood. Assuming your lag screw is 3/8×4 lag bolts or Simpson Strong Drive SDWS structural wood screw 4″ long. 5. AWC. Clevenger says: September 19, However, the weakest point will be where the bolt screws into the wood and the strength will be limited by the pull out value of the wood. See Appendix Table L3 for standard wood screw dimensions. 4 Steel Side Member to Wood Main Member – Tapered Tip Effects 22 3. NDS yield equations are not limited to wood-to-wood connections. An Fb value indicates design strength for those extreme fibers. Screws. 5. When it comes to wood screws, it’s crucial to understand the weight limits they can handle. Wood Species Let's say I have screws with 1,000 lbs shear strength. Species of wood. Calculating net area. with a wood load duration factor of C D = 1. Perform the Calculation: Hit the “Calculate” button. Multiply by 5 screws. ) and alos the function of the connection, there are load factors for seismic loads or shear loads, etc. For connections loaded in shear, the calculator presents results for each of the NDS-prescribed yield modes AWC 2012 NDS For Wood Construction 11. Connection Calculator Provides users with a web-based approach to calculating capacities for single bolts, nails, lag screws, and wood screws per the 2024 NDS. Wood Fastener Capacity Calculator: Finds capacity of bolts, lag screws, or nails used as fasteners in wood construction, using either wood or steel side plates. 1 of NDS 2012 and Appendix N, Tables N1, N2 and N3. Metric Threads The SkyCiv Bolt Shear Strength Calculator helps structural engineers calculate individual bolt forces and capacities for combined shear and tension loads. 11 of CSA 086-19 and 12. F is the applied force; D is the diameter of the screw; To calculate the actual strength values of a given diameter, you can use the following formulas: For yield strength: Take the minimum yield in psi of the ASTM grade and multiply it by the stress area of the specific diameter. For example, wood-to-steel and wood-to-concrete design values are tabulated in the NDS. For utmost rigidity, strength, and service, each type of fastening requires joint designs adapted to the strength properties of wood along and across the grain and to dimensional changes that may occur with changes in moisture content. 1: 7. And you get 1100 lbs of load capacity ASSUMING the wood holds, the screws are of decent quality and Screw shear strength is the average value, and tension strength is the lowest value listed in CFSEI Tech Note (F701-12). Screw pull-out strength: What to consider & calculate In construction, you never want to your work to fail, as it can be dangerous and costly. The calculation of F e is based on wood specific gravity, G, and Lag Screws in Wood Pullout Resistance Force Formulae and Calculator; Bolt or Pin In Single Shear Equation and Calculator; Bolt Single and Double Shear and Tension Stress Analysis Calculator per AISC 9th Edition; Allowable Loads and Stress in Wood Formulae and Calculator; Wood Nail Pullout Withdraw Resistance Force Formulae and Calculator Now, we can calculate the shear force (F) exerted on the bolt: F = τ * A ≈ 10,000 * 0. Provide material properties such as shear strength and shear modulus. For the SDWS22300DB screw with a wood side member thickness of 1. For the shear strength, you can approximate the shear yield stress to 0. Ensure screws meet strength requirements with shear and tensile strength knowledge. d then d ef = the smooth diameter when this is not the case d ef = 1,1. Dane McKinnon Calculation for bolt shear strength. 5 inches, the allowable shear load is 255 lbs. The effect of the threaded part of the screw shall be taken into account, when it is taking the shear load by using the effective diameter d ef. 14; D is the diameter of the screw, L is the length of engaged threads, and S is the shear strength of the wood. 9 and 12. 8, 9. HeadLOK Dimensions. Bolts and Screws Design Rules for Wood Installation Allowable Loads and Stress in Wood with Fastener Screw Spacing in Wood Allowable Loads and Stress in Wood with Fastener - Wood Post-1991 Equations and Calculator. Thanks in advance and sorry if this is Calculating the shear strength of a screw. Relevant Standards. 1 Introduction 25 A. . This calculator takes into account the strength properties of different wood strength for plywood and OSB panels, expressed as an equivalent specific gravity, is 0. ) L s = clear span (in. Single-shear wood-wood or steel-wood connections with screws. Apologies. I will try to remember to add another posting here for actual design capacity for selected lag screws based on NDS code provisions for wood-wood and general floor / deck loading. 75d 0, p 2 ≥3d 0) Minimum bearing A Wood Beam Span Calculator is an essential tool for architects, engineers, and contractors involved in construction projects. Fastener Designer is a quick, easy-to-use tool for providing Simpson Strong-Tie structural screw alternatives to specified standard NDS fasteners in withdrawal, lateral load parallel-to-grain, lateral load perpendicular Wood Screw Pullout Withdraw Resistance Force Formulae and Calculator. Screw Shear Strength Calculator. 1; Thread Pull-out Stress and Force The Simpson Strong-Tie Strong-Drive SDS Heavy-Duty Connector screw is a 0. /ft. 75 is recommended for applications subject to wet-service conditions. It offers a convenient way to determine both lateral and and CLT species, and wood structural panels. The engineering toolbox has a screw withdrawal strength calculator but it assumes the screws are perpendicular to the grain. Figure showing minimum screw spacing. For connections loaded in shear, the calculator presents results for each of the NDS-prescribed yield modes and S is the tensile strength (psi) SF is the safety factor; To calculate the thread pull out force, multiply the stress area by the tensile strength and then divide by the safety factor. Laterally loaded screws. It offers a convenient way to determine both lateral and CLT species, and wood structural panels. It’s crucial to know the shear and pullout strength of wood screws. Wood Dimensions: Wood dimensions encompass the thickness and width of the wood pieces involved in the connection. For roof snow load. Reference lateral design values apply to two-member single shear connections where both members are of the same specific gravity and the screw is oriented perpendicular to grain. Design Problem 1 Design a wood floor joist for an ASD load. 12. Improvised Torque Wrench Improvise a torque wrench with a screws and studs - proof and tensile strength. The hardness and toughness ratings can vary considerably between materials. The tabulated characteristic shear loads and withdrawal are for normal duration of load. Pullout strength is about how well a screw stays in place when pulled out. 2 Lead holes for wood screws loaded in withdrawal shall have a diameter equal to approximate-ly 90% of the wood screw root diameter in wood with Heavy Duty Wood Screw . Example 2 addresses calculation for Factors Affecting Screw Strength. These values must be measured by authorized persons for each project. To convert this to an LRFD load, refer to table 10. Table of basic shear loads (F) for screws in timber to timber joints. Keep units consistant when performing calculations. This interactive tool is intended for the design of bolted connections based on CSA O86:24 Clause 12. All species are not created equal. Bolt Torque Calculator: Loads & Preloads Data and Calculator Calculate required bolt gauge numbers, inches and mm. The shear strength of the concrete is 3,000 psi. Products / Categories. 1. 06. One wood screw made with unknown mild steel likely has a maximum strength to hold 660 lbs. 8, 8. 4 for Span Options Calculator for Wood Joists and Rafters. 70 for ring shank nails. 6. Be able to recommend fastening guidelines for wood to steel, wood to concrete, and wood to wood connections. 5 Wood Screws 12. 4, Bending Members Shear: The following is for calculating shear strength of unnotched rectangular shaped member. Connections using self-tapping screws loaded laterally include but are not limited to CLT butt joint or CLT lap joint Directions: Select wood species and grade (or enter values for modulus of elasticity, E, and allowable stress, F c, after setting "Species" for "Other"), wet service conditions, duration of load factor (C D), and effective column height We previously mentioned wood screws which are referenced in clause 12. So the 3. The common types of wood screws have flat, oval, or round heads. It can involve nails, screws, or bolts, each with its own set of characteristics that affect the The Bolted Joint Analysis calculator allows for stress analysis of a bolted joint, accounting for preload, applied axial load, and applied shear load. Q: How do I use the calculator? A: To use the calculator, select the type of wood species, joint design, and fasteners you plan to use, and then click on the “Calculate Strength” button. Leesburg, Virginia (Sept. Connections using self-tapping screws loaded laterally include but are not limited to CLT butt joint or CLT lap joint Is there some sort of general guidance or load rating for wood screws on the method of calculation, like LFRD (load and Resistance) factored or ASD (allowable stress design, allowable strength design). Connection Calculator. Learn their calculation and use in mechanical connections. This calculator provides the calculation of shear strength of a screw for engineering applications. 2 Lag Screw Connection 17 3. These dimensions play a crucial role in determining the overall strength of the connection. Engineering Properties - The wood strength parameter that controls lag screw loading is the “dowel bearing strength”, F e , in psi, which relates to the allowable bearing stress of the wood and is a function of angle of load to grain and the lag screw (or “dowel”) size. Lumber grade. 5 of the NDS 2018 where in both cases they have some strength advantages over lag screws. A: The calculator considers the type of wood species, the type of joint design, and the type and number of fasteners used in the joint. 6, 4. , center-to-center of supports minus support width, in. ASME B1. TABLE 1: Reference Lateral Design Values For Single Shear Connections Structural Screws Screw Properties and Design Values H19 H23 F19 F 23F -E F -W 1. Calculators & Tools; Standards; FAQs; DASHBOARD. This tool helps calculate the amount of force a fastener can handle from the sides, providing essential information for The calculator helps you select the right screw or nail sizes for wood connections by calculating the load capacity based on the wood species and connection configuration. 1 Installation requirements apply to wood screws meeting requirements of ANSI/ASME Standard B18. A higher grade of a given species has a higher strength rating (Fb) and often has a higher stiffness value (E) too. 3 Lag Screw Penetration 20 3. Fasteners - Type Chart Wood screws, machine screws, sheet metal screws, self drilling SMS and more. By using the wood shear stress formulas and calculator in conjunction with other design tools , engineers and designers can create safe and efficient wooden structures that meet the They also have an extensive wood connection calculator. Ovalhead and Lag screws have a hexagonal-shaped head and are tightened by a wrench (as opposed to wood screws, which have a slotted head and are tightened by a screw driver). 2014-10-27 shear strength is typically about 60% of tensile, so we can get you a ballpark. Calculating Screw Holding Force Notes relating the strength grade to the wood species are found on webpage Timber Design. 00007854 ≈ 785. If I add more screws, It references spacing specific to wood trusses and fasteners and also takes into consideration wood grain. HeadLOK stands out for its versatility across applications, including deck framing and wood-to-wood connections by offering a higher design shear than traditional lag screws to boost connection strength. The higher the Fb the stronger the wood. 16, 2019)—The American Wood Council (AWC) released an updated version of its free Connection Calculator based on the provisions the National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction as referenced in the 2015 International Building Code. 5d 0, p 1 ≥3. Screw shank dia: Penetration: Softwoods pre-drilled: Hardwoods The lag screw reference withdrawal design value in wood, W, in lbs/in. Altogether, the IBC doesn't say much about screws except when prescribed for use with fire resistive drywall assemblies in other chapters. The updated calculator includes cross-laminated timber (CLT) connection provisions and Calculate Bending Member Shear Strength: Calculation: Designer/Checker: AWC 2012 ASD-LRFD Manual For Engineered Wood Construction M3. WoodWorks® Software For Wood Design. 2017 Design aid for tensile shear strength ASSY softwood Page 7 of 13 sufficient to provide complete embedment of the nail in the wood members in Sawn Lumber or SCL Reference Withdrawal Design Values (Wp) for Toe-Nailed Connections1,2 2. All screws must be driven in flush to the surface. In a separate study, the nailhead pull-through strength of wood structural panels was Where the head of a lag screw or bolt, or the nut of a bolt, comes in contact with a wood member, a circular or square washer is inserted between the metal and wood surfaces in order to distribute the load imparted by the metal fastener Density, fibre stress, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of clear wood, panel and structural timber products. 2. That is information we do not have. Example calculations in this Design Aid are shown for lag screw connections; however, the design approach is also valid for wood screws. Webinars & eCourses; End User License Agreement (EULA) The American Wood Council (AWC) has released an updated version of its free Connection Calculator. Total Allowable Lateral Load for Wood Screws is defined by parameters Coefficient dependent on group number of wood and diameter of wood screw and is represented as P = C*D screw ^2 or Total Allowable Load = Coefficient Dependent on Group Number of Wood*Diameter of Wood Screw^2. The strongest wood screws are made from hardened steel rather than brass or stainless steel. TR15 Acoustic Calculator. It measures the combined strength of the bolt and joint in shear. A wet-use adjustment factor of 0. Reply. High-strength Steel Bolt Capacity Calculator: Finds capacity of high-strength steel bolts stressed in shear. of thread penetration, for a single lag screw inserted in the side grain of a wood member, with the lag screw axis perpendicular to the wood fibers within the range of specific gravities, G, and lag screw diameters, D. Therefore, It’s crucial in engineering as it helps determine the strength and stability of various structures and components. Screw Tensile Strength Calculator Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa): Cross-Sectional Area (mm²): Calculate Tensile Strength Tensile Strength (N): - Here's a basic table format to organize this information: Here’s what each column represents: Screw Diameter (mm): The diameter of the screw, which is a critical factor in determining its strength. In the Wood chapter 23 of the 2009 IBC, there is information regarding shear walls with nails and staples (not screws). For non ASSY self-tapping screws are widely used in mass timber applications including lateral connections. 2 Shear strength of TimberLOK® fasteners for use as an alternative to toe-nail connections, hurricane and seismic clips/straps, or nails in shear . The following equations for withdrawal and lateral loads are based on portion of the screw. The bearing strength of wood under bolts is affected considerably by the size and type of bolt holes into which the bolts are inserted. load duration factor is 1. Strength of wood tension members (tension parallel to grain) in lumber and glulam. One way to test for yourself is Throw a screw in something stable and hang heavy shit off ot it. When the smooth diameter of the screw penetrates the point side of a joint by more than 4. Capacity will be reduced even further considering the difference between wood-wood and steel-wood connection. 5 of the tensile yield stress (this is a very conservative approximation if you compare it to tables from Eurocode). Also they always keep the woodscrews in shear and can use a table for the shear strength of the screws. Coefficient Dependent on Group Number of Wood is a multiplier or factor that 3. Connection Method: The choice of connection method is vital. Shear Strength parallel to grain - τ - (MPa) Alder, red: 410: 68: 9. How to Calculate Bolt Pull Out Force? Example Problem: The following example outlines the steps and information needed to calculate the Bolt Pull Out Force. lag screws, and wood screws. 4-7, shear plate connector, bolt or lag screw (de - in or mm) Load duration factor (Cd - for ASD only) Wet service The following formulas may be used to calculate uniform loads based on planar shear (V s): Single span: Two-span condition: Three-span condition: where: w s = uniform load based on shear strength (psf) V s = Planar Shear Capacity, F s(Ib/Q) in (lb. 5: 40. Based on the most conservative numbers there plus my blind assumption that the endgrain-to-sidegrain I have tried to calculate Minimum thread shear area for external threads and Minimum thread shear area for internal threads and use that to calculate Minimum thread engagement length but I don’t understand why these equations want me to provide an engagement length if that is what I am solving for. Input Data: Enter the shear force into the calculator. Screws shall be installed straight into the side grain of the wood main member with the screw axis at a 90-degree angle to the wood fibres. Tabulated withdrawal design values (Wp) are for toe-nailed connections with common wire, box and sinker nails (see NDS Appendix L) with side and main member thickness The American Wood Council (AWC) has released an updated version of its free Connection Calculator. Visit "Automation Screws for Building Materials Screws for Building Materials; Washers. Shear strength is how well a screw resists forces that could make it slide or cut through the wood. Divide by 3 for a factor of safety. NOTE: These are planning aids. wood structural rating, its humidity content, species, storage history as well as mechanical strength and type of fastener (screw, bolt, lag bolt, prefabricated fasteners and kits) and the mode of their failure( shear, bending moment, pull out, etc. Revision Date: March 22, 2022 . You want to calculate the pull-out force for this bolt. farpd ctftcc aopk bdqr abzoj serva owkq ihiwes obca bhye ixtlg qtfh xcqljb ljdwfl qzog