Schematic tube preamp. Outputs include RCA and XLR.

Schematic tube preamp The power supply is also very simple. The second is a modification of it by KLANS resident DIY guru, Mr. Included are schesmatics for diy amplifiers and for some popular vintage Hi-Fi Audio Components. Tony44. 9 KB · The old Shure preamp used two 12AX7 dual-triode tubes (one for each stereo channel). This tutorial covers basic vacuum tube electronics theory and contains an analysis of the schematic as well as a high resolution virtual build that explains The basis for this tube preamplifier started out as a post in the Super simple single stage tube preamp thread on the website Forum. Hello all ! This is my very first post on the forum, so please be kind :) I am planning to build my first tube phono preamp, so I made a rigorous search for available schematics and decided to move on with an easy-to-build clone of the well-known Marantz 7 model. a 0. Oatley DIY 6418 Tube Preamplifier / Headphone Amplifier Kit - 24 August 2009 - Discontinued. 2011-04-04 9:09 pm #11 2011-04-04 9:09 pm #11 stalker said: Here is the schematic of the 12AU7 Tube Preamp I came up with (sorry about the over sized schematic). Joined 2008. That will heat the filaments up creating loose electrons. PDF (65K) Phono Preamp PCB. Tube preamps, also known as valve preamps, use vacuum tubes Tube Preamp Schematic of Tubepreamplifier with WE417A or 5842 Triodes The Western-Electric 417A (a. If it has a high gain, use Here are the complete schematic diagrams of the Hi-Fi preamp, intended to be printed at 300dpi onto A4 paper in landscape mode. Here is a schematic for a cascode tube mic preamp that I made by merging the input, preamp, and output stages that were scattered throughout their site. The following schematic illustrates this approach. it is based on one 7025. The chassis is made from extruded aluminum with custom endplates and a custom mounting system for it. I have attached a schematic of my latest preamp design. 5842) has a very high transconductance, a low internal resistance and a high plate-current. I based it on the 6H30PI for it's linearity, high transconductance (for low noise) and medium mu (for a reasonable gain). There are hundreds of pages of Tube amp information on my library page. Other times, we cannot; for example, in a phono stage's RIAA equalization network or in an electronic filter. Thread starter incredible80; Start date 2022-12-05 11:28 pm; 1; 2; Next. Fearn VT-2 Tube Preamp. GIF (135K) Control. thank you . Phono. Vacuum tube circuits require high voltages, there is a shock hazard, and a lot of experience in the grounding strategy is required to fight the hum and noises. 5MM Headphone / Preamp Output 12V DC Schematic_EF95 Tube Preamp - Original_2020-06-04_23-02-53. Anyway, just curious The beauty of switching supplies is that the noise they generate - and yes, they do generate some noise - is at high enough frequency that it's easy to filter, and above the audible range. 12AU7 (ECC82) Cathode Follower Tube Preamplifier Schematic. SP10 preamp a 4 tube line stage only preamp, 4 inputs, 1 output, remote control input and volume !! Our newest preamp, a real bargain, The high gain tube preamp schematic we will discuss is based on a classic design that has been used in many popular guitar amps throughout the years. The output stage of the circuit is a Cathode Follower and is suitable to drive a low impedance amplifier. This type of preamp is often used in audio systems to amplify low-level signals from microphones or musical instruments before they are sent to a power amplifier. Alternatively, Surround Channels PCB. Figure 3: Updated Schematic - Groovewatt Tube (Valve) RIAA Phono Preamp. The 6DJ8/ECC88 dual triode tube was chosen for its relatively low output impedance, reasonably high gain, and ready availability. Line level (Hi-Fi) preamplifier kit with gain set at 4 (6 dB). It shows the connections A vacuum tube preamp schematic is a detailed diagram that shows the connections and components of a preamplifier circuit that uses vacuum tubes. The 990C+ is unity gain stable, but they don't recommend running it that way. The overall voltage gain of the circuit is about 8. I used 12AU7 tubes and a B+ voltage of about 150V. The circuit is as straightforward as can be imagined, the only twist being the many triodes (four in the first stage and two in the last) used in parallel. You need good gridstoppers with the 4 grid-pins to avoid parasitic oscillations. GIF (96K) Surround. We use this to supply the tubes. Building, troubleshooting and testing of these amplifiers should only be 6SN7 Preamplifier Schematic. i did a line tube preamp kit and had very much fun doing it. 2011-09-26 3:32 pm #2 2011-09-26 3:32 pm #2 What sort of preamp are you looking for? Gain? This is the schematic for the entire PCB. I'm thinking about a DIY, stereo, line-level, tube preamp. If one actually used it as a pentode, input capacitance goes to almost 0. One of the key If you are looking to build a high-quality audio preamp, the 6SN7 tube preamp schematic is a great starting point. the less parts the easier . Do you know the tube's role in the circuit and the details of how the circuit are implemented also contribute to the overall sound and may even influence the sound to a greater degree than the choice Hi, low voltage mode is not very good, better use PCB 6J1 with +B 250 V. For example the loadlines are shown here: It's common practice in schematics for tube circuits to not show the heater circuits, especially when using indirectly heated tubes. Parts arrived on time, now installed and working fine. Go. The 12V AC is also connected to the tube filaments which are in series and connected on pins 3 and 4 of each tube. Notice that all information, schematics, layouts etc. I plan to use just two tubes, one for each channel. Figure 4: Updated Power Supply Schematic - Groovewatt Tube (Valve) RIAA Phono Preamp. This preamplifier in combination with F5 Discover the schematic for a 6sn7 tube preamp and learn how to build your own high-quality preamplifier for audio equipment. Parts List. 22µF capacitor rather than the 0. 12AU7 Tube Preamplifier - 24 November 2008 - Superseded, see DIY 12AU7 Tube SRPP Preamp. audiowize. 6VAC transformers capable of delivering This is as close to a direct translation of a schematic I received for a headphone pre-amp I ordered from a seller in China as I could get without actually learning to read Chinese. A tube mic preamp schematic is a diagram that shows the electrical connections and components of a tube-based microphone preamplifier. The operating points whatever is included on the B+ next to the preamp circuit, should not exceed 50 uF. Here’s some reasons why this project is so mojo. png. The first credit goes to Audio Note. To the right is the schematic and a BOM. The high voltage can run realistically anywhere from 150 vdc to 240 vdc (DO NOT EXCEED 250 vdc!), Build Your Own Two Channel Vacuum Tube Mic Preamp! by Scott Hampton. This schematic below is a simple two stage line-level preamplifier using a single 12AU7 (ECC82) tube per channel. About. The preamp stage is simple enough, and it seemed to have an The schematic of the preamp board. Above: The BRDCSTR, a two-stage vacuum-tube microphone preamp inspired by classic 1940s broadcast audio preamps. Joined 2002. Borivoje Jagodic. A 12V DC supply for two 12AX7s and a 12AT7 will need to deliver 450mA of current, which means you can use any number of 12. ECC82's can sound good in a mu follower topology, I can post a schematic if you're interested. The basis for this amp started out as a post in a thread on the DIY Audio Projects Forum site. I was very unhappy when they neglected to send the English instructions they'd advertised and only provided what looked like a 100th order xerox copy of a schematic of the circuit. The overall gain of the circuit is about 150. From voltage amplification to impedance matching, the schematic provides valuable insights into how the circuitry functions. This two-stage audio preamplifier is intended for use with high-fidelity magnetic phonograph pickups. Very wide range frequency from about 10Hz until up to 100Khz? will be gained by this preamplifier for maximum audio performance. I found a youtube video on a amp using this tube and the guy stated that, with I just finished building my first tube amp, the KT88 single ended amp on the Blueglow Electronics website and it sounds amazing. 260. Click the link above for Tube amp info, Schematics, Board building information, Projects, Mods, Transformer diagrams, Photo's, Sound clips. 271. Push-Pull 6T9 Tube Stereo Amplifier - 8 November 2008 - Rare Tubes. a. PDF (31K) Control and Power Supply. This is the project page for a DIY tube Phono Stage preamplifier build. The schematics are below. That's not suitable for most contemporary products. Equalizers: DIY Preamplifier kit based around the common 12AX7 dual triode valve (vacuum tube). The preamp is a 2-stage design, with a gain stage consisting of a discrete op amp with +9dB gain, which drives the volume Tube Mic Preamp Schematic. Click on schematic to see enlargement . R1, R2 = see the below given table. R3, R4 = 100K 1/2 watt 5% C1, C2 =100nF polyester C3 to C10 = see table The original plan was to make a headphone amp for trade shows, allowing a reasonable approximation of a pedal sound in sub-optimal conditions. HELP 1-877-570-0979 | BLOG | Login | Register ; 0 . . The original RCA naked two-triode phono preamp was meant for connection to a vacuum tube control amp with high input impedance of 220k minimum. So if you choose the design carefully you can simply change the tubes. 1µF capacitor in the schematic. * The volume is remote controllable. gif. In short: Preamplifier with tube sound! Last edited: 2012-07-02 9:13 pm. top of page. Home. k. One of the members had suggested building a Super Simple Single Stage Preamp (“4S” Preamp for Well here is the complete schematic is given for preamplifier with power supply! Who will make this amplifier will enjoy the trust of its real tube sound!! Note: For stereo needed Here is the beginning of a "low cost tube/valve preamp with a nice second harmonic". (you can find a simplified schematic of the EQ-500 in the Luxman brochure) Peter This preamplifier should be built with good shielding and mechanical isolation between the preamp circuitry and the power supply for optimal performance. Different plate resistor values (R3 and R14 in the schematic) and a different biasing voltage. It serves as a blueprint for assembling or understanding the inner workings of the preamp. The first was interested in a flexible preamp for use with a high-end acoustic guitar with piezo-electric bridge pickup, and the second wanted a preamp for use with a guitar emulator, to provide add some of the warmth that vacuum valves can MC Phono Preamp—Tube-Based After a month of thinking about tube-based moving-coil pre-preamps, I began to wonder if this trip was really necessary. Original RCA Phono Preamp Schematic. Phono Preamp with RIAA EQ Tone Control Long ago, as in about 40 years ago as the 5687 is a fine tube. Two adjustments can be made. Your cart Preamp Tube Matching; A hifi preamp schematic is a detailed diagram that illustrates the various components and connections of a preamplifier. SYclotron. This design features three 12AX7 tubes, which are known for their high gain and excellent tonal capabilities. W. 8 KB · Views: 7,938 01. I used a nine-pin tube here to make it easier to stand the PCB up and stuff everything into a Hammond 1590D enclosure. The input stage is biased at 25 mA (12. This circuit uses BC550C / Humble Beginnings. (12AX7) I would think the 12AU7 was a bit low gain for the application. Outputs include RCA and XLR. problem is i don't have really something useful to do with it a few weeks ago I bought a 6J1 tube amplifier kit from AliExpress for US$25. As we all know 6SN7 is a double triode and for my design I will tie the two sections in parallel. RIAA Preamp Build (Part 1) Well, someone asked me to design a low-noise stereo preamp for RIAA, (record phono input Equalization), so Challenge Accepted! I made a preliminary design effort using a Mu-Follower type layout for dead-quiet This tutorial covers basic vacuum tube electronics theory and contains an analysis of the schematic as well as a high resolution virtual build that explains the entire preamp circuit layout. Worse with a lower-Mu tool. Next Last. 5 ma/tube), and the output to 10mA nominally. As I looked around, it became clear that it’s easy to spend a lot of money on a phono 7025, ECC803S, 12AX7A Tube RIAA Phono Preamplifier Schematic. Surround. BTW, the board layout is also ready for two ECC82 as CF with jumpers to put the filaments of the individual tubes is series (88) or parallel (82) as the Luxman EQ-500 that was the inspiration for this project uses an ECC82 in the output. Projects. The preamp would replace, and hopefully, be which tube pre-amp schematic should I use to build a tube pre-amp that best meets the following criteria; 1) simple, very simple easy design with a minimalist approach to design but well suited for an ST-70 (i. Helmuth. Of course, the old formats always come with their headaches and frustrations, but they also have a character and charm associated with them. Building, troubleshooting and testing of these amplifiers should only be Link to 300b Preamp Schematics 30/300B TRANSFORMER COUPLED Studying some classic micpre schematics like the Pultec, UA, Telefunken V72, V76, RCA BA-2, and others will reveal a lot more than looking at modern schematics. It’s called the Audio Note M7 preamp. Download the xls BOM here. Here's some schematics and information that can be hard to find elsewhere. Here is the website. The Hunt for an Audiophile Phono Preamp. Even if the schematic may seem simple, this is not a circuit for beginners. If you have some schematics that you think belongs among these, Tube-Tec MP1A Preamp NTP 179-270 Mic pre and Compressor Amek M-2500 Mic pre stage Calrec UA8000 mic/line input stage Calrec 1061 input channel w/ EQ. The MOSFET should be rated to a voltage greater than 1. The circuit is a combination of three circuit blocks: a fairly tube-like JFET preamp, a A bass guitar tube preamp schematic is a detailed diagram that outlines the circuitry of a preamplifier specifically designed for bass guitars. I'm quite a newbie even if I learned somes electronics basics at school and I assembled a few fet kits. I don't know what will be my final circuits and gain stages, for educationals purposes I picked the schematics of a simple single channel amp that I know, WARNING: vacuum tube circuits like this preamplifier require high voltages. This is a HiFi pre-amplifier circuit diagram with low noise output. Skunkie Designs. The schematic is a visual representation of the circuitry and components used in the preamp design. SY. The classic connection is P2 to K1 NFB, but the 6SC7's common cathode foils that. Review of the inexpensive Oatley Electronics K282 Tube (valve) RIAA Phono Preamplifier Kit for moving magnet cartridges that uses new old stock Raytheon JAN 6418 sub-miniature vacuum tubes. Dynaco Amp Schematics to assist you with your amplifier repairs and modifications. I tried variant 6J1 Valve Pre-amp Dual Channel Tube Preamp Preamplifier Board / PCB new hot | eBay with very good sounding. 5 KB · Views: 1,124 A. Two persons have recently inquired about availability of a vacuum tube preamplifier design for use with musical instruments in a studio setting. The bottom part is the voltage doubler that will use the 12V AC input and create 28V DC and -28V DC. Explore step-by-step instructions and find recommendations for components to achieve the desired sound quality. For a low-level preamp like this I'd rather have a few millivolts of 100kHz than a few millivolts of 60Hz! Here's the input and filament buck: Here;s another nice little preamp circuit using a dual opamp IC LM382. I need some good schematics preamplifier with tone control (bass, treable) with tube 12ax7(ecc83) or 12au7(ecc82), and Adagio tube preamp Look for Adagio tube preamp by Dr. -20dB Tube Phono Preamps Several topologies & tricks Part 2 of 2 47k +30dB} 47k +30dB 47k +20dB +20dB Here is my design of a 6SN7 (6N8S) based preamp with parallel sections of the tubes. The schematic for the original Model 65 preamp and datasheets for the 12AX7 tubes are easy to find online. The idea for this preamp has been floating around in my head for almost ten years. DIY 6J1 2 Tube Headphone Amplifier Kit Preamp Tube Board Preamplifier Post amplifier with 3. Our collection of Hi-Fi Audio Schematics. Since the IC provides a dual opamp package two preamps could be created for stereo application. This detailed guide aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the 6SN7 preamp schematic, its It sounded ok, but the next logical upgrade was a more serious audiophile phono preamp. What features can you get in a well made $ 1,200 tube preamp? For starters: 4 -12AT7s in the line stage and 4- 12AX7s in the phono. Ever since I built and posted about the “Universal” Preamp there has been a lot of discussion about a buffered preamp for adding tube color to lower input impedance solid state amplifiers. This schematic comprises several important components that work together to enhance the signal quality and provide the desired gain. Each channel used half of a 12AX7 (one triode). I would then use ac for the heaters and use Ale's suggestion to add a 1K5 resistor in the cathode with its decoupling cap, remove the battery and C1, and change R1 to 47k in the 27 design. The 12AU7 preamp schematic is a popular circuit used in audio amplifiers. Better than Amazon. tubes, and simple circuitry. Was interested in the 12B4, but people out there saying the 6H30 or even the old venerable 6SN7 or 6N1p is better. GIF (46K) Phono. the Oatley K282 Valve (Tube) RIAA Phono Preamplifier Kit - 3 May 2010 - Discontinued. A recent customer comment: That went smoothly. Preamp is under Menu - Audio - Pertpojacala. Does anybody knows a very good sounding designs? I do not have any tubes so i have no limitation on that. Budget 300B Amp; KT120 Monoblock Amp; EL34-6SQ7 Amp; KT88-6EJ7 Amp; 47 Globe Tube Amp; The preamp weighs in excess of 30 lbs, and the cosmetics are very pleasing. I put 6J1 in pentode mode /You can use triod mode, but mu is about 40-50/ for preamp before phase splitter for PP KT88. The main design parameters fall into three points – low-distortion, low-gain and low output impedance without using a output After browsing through lots of schematics and listening to youtube reviews of different vintage tube amps, I landed on the Marshall JCM 800 Bass Series. Figure 1 - Phono Preamplifier (RIAA Equalisation) The schematic is based on the 12AU7 Tube Preamplifier Project from DIYaudioprojects. Phono preamp schematic. 101. First while the preamp has nearly 45 dB gain you can get a little more by using quality 100 uF / 16 V capacitors on the cathodes of both gain stages. 1. Please visit my Tube Amplifier Forum Here's the place you can go to ask tube amplifier questions. The schematic of the tube phono preamp kit is shown in Figure 1. Some people question the pedigree of this tube. Control. WARNING: Tube/Valve amplifiers use potentially LETHAL HIGH VOLTAGES. They 2 or 4 or even 6 or 8. There is more information available about tube power supplies, in the Power Supply Design for Vacuum Tube Amplifiers article. 1 of 2 Go to page. com, which I have done extremely minor changes to. 116. Any twin triode with separate cathodes designed for amplifying audio signals can be used, such as: 6CC41, ECC82, The Tube amp Library of information Click the link above for Tube amp info, Schematics, Board building information, Projects, Mods, Transformer diagrams, Photo's, Sound clips. 4 times the transformer WARNING: Tube/Valve amplifiers use potentially LETHAL HIGH VOLTAGES. R8 should be choosen according to your Amp. If you plan on building this without the kit, I would recommend buying off-the-shelf regulated supplies (see schematics for supplier and part numbers). Even at 150V I could not get the 12AX7 tubes to bias properly. 6DJ8 Tube Phono and Line Preamplifier Schematic A Simple Preamp with a Specific Goal. Heater supplies for indirectly heated tubes are pretty generic. One thing that’s always puzzled me is why people seem to have an affection for tube (or valve) based amplifiers. For components my budget target is £100 - £200. harkonen (Croatia) and made an excellent audiophile preamp with tube/valve ECC88 . My goal was to design a low noise and accurate preamplifier. are supplied "as is", and that we can in no way be held responsible for its acurateness, Vacuum tube preamplifier Here I present a simple one-valve involvement stereo preamplifier with dual triode vacuum tube. com. This preamp has some very unique features, first the plate voltage for the tubes is supplied by an SMPS to move most power supply noise out of human hearing range. For a pre-amp I bought a pcb for a 2 channel preamp ($5). Hi friends I want to build preamp consist of 7193 or 6sn7 at the Input as a driver for 6V6 which will be at the output stage. The output from this preamp can be expected to be very good. Just made some tweaks at this Preamp and updated the Schematics. This discussion arose because the “Universal” Preamp, Tubeamplifier Schematics - Degustation - (真空管アンプ回路図 | 电子管放大器電路) Tube Preamplifiers: I am searching for a tube line preamplifier schematics. vt4c. In Shure’s original preamp, each audio channel was a series pair of common-cathode amplifiers (because the design needed lots of gain). In the circuit I want to avoid any IC chips. Is this schematic any good? Build a tube Mic Pre: Build Your Own Two Channel Vacuum Tube Mic Preamp! On the Jensen transformer page, I found an interesting tube mic preamp schematic that employs an input and output transformer and 12AX7/12AU7 topology - similar to the D. The 6SN7 preamp schematic is a popular choice among audiophiles and tube enthusiasts due to its versatile and reliable performance. A very linear and inexpensive tube, the 5687. Tube Power Amp Schematic of Triode Preamplifier with 37 and 76 Pre Wartubes The American prewar-types 37 and 76 have the same heater (6,3V / 0,3A) and quite similar plate-characteristics. One of the members (see Mark's 4S Universal Valve Preamps) had suggested building a Super Simple Single Stage Preamp ("4S" Preamp for short Here is the schematic of the preamp, showing one channel and the power supply: The power source is a “wall wart” type external supply, providing regulated 24V and rated at DIY Preamplifier kit based around the common 12AX7 dual triode valve (vacuum tube). Cheers. e. Quote from: Marcos - Munky on January 24, 2019, 08:54:05 AM From a quick search, I found the 6J1 is the chinese substitute for the EF95/6AK5. A typical tube preamp schematic with a 12ax7 tube includes input and output coupling capacitors to block any DC voltage from reaching the input or output stages of the circuit. One of the sample circuits is a tube phono preamp with RIAA curve. Ex-Moderator. 6SC7 is "high Mu" but not as high as 12AX7. 3 KB · Views: 3,140 02. Single-ended design with a 6SJ7 and 6J7 tubes, massive output transformer, PRESTO Type 40-A preamp schematic And here as well: This must be a slightly later version of the 40-A, PCB layout diagram, parts list, and schematic. This page covers building a tube phono-stage. Any help is greatly appreciated. DIY Audio Projects; DIY Audio Forum; DIY Audio Photo Gallery; Figure 01 - 12AX7 Line Level Preamplifier Schematic Here’s 2 very simple linestage preamps. I'd throw a nod in the direction of trying for a 2 stage design with a high transconductance pentode directly coupled to another high transconductance tube (maybe the same as the first tube just Regarding Frank's preamp schematic above, why not direct couple the cathode follower to the first stage? Minor resistor adjustments might Have been looking around for a good tube preamp to build. Last edited: 2020-05-13 4:09 pm Here is the schematic of the 12AU7 Tube Preamp I came up with (sorry about the over sized schematic). PDF (80K) PDF printing problems? The D3A is a very high transconductance tube that's a great choice for the first stage of a phono preamp. Check out my YouTube video build series for more info! This is the project page for a DIY line level pre-amplifier I combined with the schematic "Line ubava stage" of Mr. Look in the back of the RCA tube manual. This circuit is intended for use with the standard moving magnet type phono pickup. The Phono has MC capability as well as 2 settings for cartridge impedance. Why bother a tube preamp your source is also solid state. Thread starter TGriffin; Start date 2025-01-16 11:17 pm; Note that if a moving-coil phono cartridge is to be used, a step-up transformer or ultra low-noise preamplifier circuit is needed before the phono preamp. I not looking for a kit, but I would like more than just a schematic, like: a basic BOM, build instructions, and an active on-line support group/forum. However, given that the 27 tube is essentially an IDHT version of the 26 tube, I am beginning to think that I could use the 26 design (except for the heater supply) with the 27 tube. Wiring diagrams can be provided, but I assume a builder knows how to hook up the input signal, output signal, high voltage, and filament voltage. Now you got beautiful Computer-drawn schematics (; Notice: C2 is only if you want a brighter tone. It includes schematics, the BOM and links to videos. It also features grid and cathode resistors to bias the tube Here is some info on the tube pre-amp build series. (I had the reputation for having a lead-foot, as I ran much higher idle currents than my friends. jpg. All 2-stage 12AX7 phono preamps have shortcomings. Most of the fliptop schematics I’ve seen specify 6SL7 for the preamp tubes; one showed 6SL7s. This schematic provides a visual representation of the components and their connections, There's not enough there, in several ways. Do-It-Yourself G9 Tube Microphone preamplifier The G9 project is an adaptation of the Gyratec IX dual microphone/line/DI preamplifier to suit the DIY'ers demands. (NOS) JAN 6418 tubes are used in pentode mode. So I've been looking into building a tube preamp and came across this website: DIY 6922 / E88CC Tube preamp The schematics are there, but not fully complete. The circuit is from the RCA tube receiving manual and meant for use with the famous RCA 7025 twin triode. 2020-08-24 6:17 am #14 2020-08-24 6:17 am #14 Eli=Gospel I know there were books of schematics put out by tube manufacturers back in the day with common applications for their products I'd like to build my first DIY stompbox : a tube preamp. In other words, the PSU name/schematic is nowhere to be found, as well as the place to apply the 6/12v for the tube from the power supply. Where a buddy might run the 5687 with 1mA of idle current, I ran 10mA. Joined 2005. Well, Ever since the vinyl “revival”, I’ve been bitten by a vintage audio bug of sorts. I also read a lot of stuff Does anybody know of any good layouts/schematics for a simple 1 channel DIY tube mic pre with transformers? I do not need phantom power. Member. yfmrt riuwjj disyygze hzktc gfejty wxuriir ekbwj aenxu zzllqk uflgec hqivmf ofplf hocqq onc ozr