The main achievements of the congress during this period were to make itself a national body and spread political consciousness all over the country. From Aug 20, 2023 · Indian National Congress was the first political party to represent Indian natives in Sub-continent. Methods employed by the Moderates: Feb 14, 2019 · First session of INC was held from 28 31 December 1885 . Tel : First Session of the Congress: The Journey Begins. O. President of the Indian National Congress. This chapter examines the founding of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume and others and the dissension within the organisztion that eventually led to the split between the Extremists and the Moderates. The INC’s journey from influencing British policy to leading India’s nationalist movement, dominating post-independence politics, and its current decline offers a rich political narrative. C. In the spring of 1884 shortly before his viceroyalty came to an. Bonerjee, an eminent lawyer of Calcutta was chosen President. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, the Jul 23, 2016 · India: New India 1885: British official policy and the emergence of the Indian National Congress By Briton Martin Jr. Lord Dufferin, who was the Viceroy of India from 1885-1890, was for a long time believed to have played a key role in the setting up of the Indian National Congress. The Indian National Congress was established when 72 delegates from all over the country met at Bombay in December 1885. Chandavarkar went to England as a member of the three-man delegation, which was sent to educate public opinion about India on the eve of the General Elections in England. Allan Octavian Hume, CB ICS (4 June 1829 [1] – 31 July 1912 [2]) was a British political reformer, ornithologist, civil servant and botanist who worked in British India and founded the party Indian National Congress. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS A SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Compiled by Santosh Bakshi and Sunita Gulati BOOKS AIYAR, R. Allan Octavian Hume. A. ALEXANDAR, HORACE GUNDRY. W. His career began in 1862 when he joined the firm of W. . This organisation was to help more Indians participate and help the British in the governance of India. Over time, though, the INC Jan 21, 2017 · dc. Jaipur. The colloquial term for INC is Congress Party. “Today India has progressed as Congress has taken the courage to break Mar 8, 2024 · From 1885 to 1905, the Indian national movement was in its moderate phase. Bombay: National Youth Publications, (1945) 80p. 2015. The Congress caravan: the history of the Indian National Congress of India's struggle for Swaraj, 1885-1946. Mar 21, 2013 · The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 in Bombay with the objective of gaining greater self-governance for Indians from the British Raj. 9 lessons • 1h May 28, 2024 · A national party called the Indian National Congress was formed on December 28th, 1885. The INC was established in 1885, by A. Bankimchandra also argued that the liberalism and nationalism introduced by the British were alien to the Hindus. On December 28, 1885, the Indian National Congress (INC) was established, marking the beginning of a significant journey in Indian politics. 1st session after independence. More specifically, it considers how the INC functioned as ‘a truly unifying force’ despite a plethora of conflicting circumstances. Publication date 1985 Topics Hind Swaraj, Indian National Congress The Moderate Congress (1885-1905) The moderates contributed significantly in Indian freedom struggle. Allan Octavian Hume invited the Indian leaders and the then viceroy of India Lord Dufferin to Bombay in 1885 to form a national-level organisation. It emerged as a result of a political awakening process that began in the 1860s and 1870s, culminating in the late 1870s and early 1880s. Bonnerjee was the President of the 1885 session in Bombay. Term length. The year 1885 was a watershed moment in this process, because it was then that the May 11, 2018 · Congress Party (officially Indian National Congress) Oldest political party in India, whose fortunes have often been intertwined with the Nehru dynasty. Bannerjee Formation of Indian National Congress. E. Gillanders, Attorneys of the Calcutta Supreme Court, as a clerk. Bonnerjee, and D. C. Jul 7, 2016 · History of the Indian National Congress, Volume I (1885-1935)With an Introduction by Rajendra Prasad Skip to main content We’re fighting to restore access to 500,000+ books in court this week. वाचा।. Congress Rule in India: a study Nov 15, 2023 · Last session before independence. 5x 1. 1970. Hume. At the heart of this historic moment was Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, who played a pivotal role in giving voice to the aspirations and concerns of the Indian population. Apr 8, 2024 · The Indian National Congress (INC) is one of the oldest and most influential political parties in India. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in December 1885 in Bombay with seventy two delegates. It is the oldest and largest democratic party in the world, with more than 130 million members. 24 Akbar Road, New Delhi. Get a hint. Editorials, “The Proposed National Congress at Poona,” “The Proposed Conferences at Calcutta, Allahabad and Madras and the National Congress at Poona,” Indian Mirror, Dec. Download The E-Book Now! Indian Liberals, uiho controlled the Indian National Congress from its inception in 1885, suffered rapid decline when the Congress was taken over by militant nationalists during the first T/orld War. The Mar 13, 2023 · The Indian national congress foundation was led by the leaders Allan Octavian Hume, Dinshaw Edulji Wacha and Dadabhai Naoroji in 1885. The Indian National Congress was founded on December 23rd, 1885 in Bombay, India. 1948. Seventy delegates, most of whom were lawyers, educationalists and journalists, attended the convention in which the Indian National Congress was established. Indian National Congress and the Struggle for Freedom: 1885-1947 Indian National Congress and the Struggle for Freedom: 1885-1947 (Delhi, 2014; online edn, In the later 1870s and early 1880s, a solid ground had been prepared for the establishment of an all-India organization. Dec 28, 2019 · history of india | Episode 63 | all Indian national congress 1885 | Indian national congress 1885 | hindustan ki tareekh | hindustan | Urdu | Hindi | Chapter Dec 28, 2023 · The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded on December 28, 1885. இந்திய தேசிய காங்கிரசு (Indian National Congress; சுருக்கமாக இதேகா பொதுவாக Indian National Congress 1885. In the 1920s and ’30s party leader Mahatma Gandhi supported nonviolent acts of Jan 1, 2021 · There was a total of 72 members in the first session of the Indian National Congress. Dec 28, 2023 · The Indian National Congress was founded by a group of educated Indians and British officials who believed in the idea of Indian self-governance. Mar 7, 2024. Bonnerjea, and S. He invited the convention of the Indian National Union, an organization he had already formed in 1884, to Bombay in December 1885. Oxford University Press, Bombay. This volume proves to be of importance for those who would like to Jan 18, 2021 · विभिन्न सत्र: पहला अधिवेशन: वर्ष 1885 में बॉम्बे में आयोजित। अध्यक्ष: डब्ल्यू. The First Indian National Congress 1885 The Indian National Congress (INC) has been around longer than any other Indian political party, having been founded in 1885. They followed a middle path and not an extreme path against British Empire. 24, Akbar Road, New Delhi 110 011, INDIA. Feb 1, 2014 · It divides the history of the INC and its involvement in the struggle for freedom in four phases: the first phase (1885-1907) covers the period from the founding of the INC to the split between The Indian National Congress and Indian Society, 1885-1985: Ideology, Social Structure, and Political Dominance Paul R. Bonnerjee was also the president of INC’s Allahabad session in 1892. However, the 20-member Congress Working Committee, the majority of whose members are appointed by the party president (handpicked by the The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, became a hub for Indian nationalist movements, allowing Indians to voice their problems and seek justice. P. The year 1885 was a watershed moment in this process, because it was then that the Jun 1, 2003 · an Indian political organization. and L. Hume, along with Dadabahi Naorji and Dinshaw Edulji Wacha at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay. Indian National Congress in Malayalam (ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്), ഈ വിഷയങ്ങൾ കേരള പബ്ലിക് സർവീസ് ക്സാമുക In an effort to reach all regions, it was decided to rotate the Congress session among different parts of the country. Since then, the party has been in and out of power. बनर्जी. Pattabhi Sitaramayya. Indian National Congress, Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. Knowing the dates of Indian National Congress sessions and their presidents is important for IAS Exam. The organisation gradually grew larger. The Indian National Congress is one of the two prominent political parties in India, including the BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party). 55 Show details Hide details Prominent Indian leaders, driven by a shared vision of change, initiated the formation of the party. Rs. In 1886, this organization merged with the Indian National Congress. When was Indian National Congress form? (a) On 28 January 1885 (b) On 28 February 1885 (c) On… Congress, 1885-1888*. This lesson talks about the formation of the Congress, it's aims and objectives and Moderate politics. सी. MCQ On Indian National Congress 1. It was central to India's independence movement and was the dominant ruling party from 1947 until fairly recently. Addeddate 2017-01-21 09:16:14 Identifier in. 1886, 1893: Dadabhai Naoroji was the president of the Calcutta conference in 1886. ernet. Mar 8, 2024 · Mar 7, 2024. Who was the Viceroy of British India when the Indian National Congress was started in 1885? Answer: Lord Dufferin. Feb 6, 2024 · The period between 1885 and 1905 is commonly referred to as the Moderate Phase, led by moderate leaders. Hume , a retired civil servant who was staying in Shimla post-retirement. However, some early 20th-century activists began to boycott British imports and promote Indian goods, garnering the support of a wide swath of social classes. The Indian National Congress (INC), India’s largest opposition party, marked its 138th foundation day on December 28. Subramania Iyer, among others – was largely from Bombay and Calcutta. During the early years, leaders such as Dadabhai Naoroji, W. Wacha, W. At the suggestion of Dadhabai Naoroji the name of the organization was changed to Indian Nation Congress (INC). These leaders were known as Moderates because they believed in the ideology of liberalism and moderate politics. Over 70 self-appointed delegates from Apr 3, 2024 · National Conference (1883-1885) Organized national conferences to discuss political issues; Paved the way for the Indian National Congress; Indian National Congress (1885-1906) Played a key role in the INC’s formation; Served as President twice (1895, 1902) Advocated for moderate reforms within the British Raj; Later Life (1906-1925) Full of these ideas he saw the noble Marquis when he went to Simla early in 1885 after having in the December previous assumed the Viceroyalty of India. P. Indian National Congress (INC), a political party of India was formed in 1885, INC was formed in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant. 49855 Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t1wd96z16 India: New India 1885: British official policy and the emergence of the Indian National Congress By Briton Martin Jr. Apr 9, 2022 · The establishment of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 was neither a surprise nor a historical occurrence. Dec 18, 2017 · A centenary history of the Indian National Congress : 1885-1985, Volume 1 by Pande, Bishambhar N. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee. These leaders were strong advocates of “liberalism The Indian National Congress (INC) was established in 1885 and it grew to become one of the most important political parties in pre-independence India. In the fight for Indian independence from British colonial control, the establishment of the Indian National Congress was a critical factor. end, Lord Ripon wrote in an urgent manner to Lord Kimberley, then Secretary of State for India, about one of the more critical questions of policy confronting the Govemment of India: "You may rely upon it that there are few Indian questions of greater. dli. The author states that the Indian National Congress more than an organisation, is an organism, an individual, for, it was brought into being in 1885 for a set purpose. It was originally known as the Indian Nation Union. First Phase: For the first 20 years from 1885 -1905 the Congress worked as a moderate constitutional body. The Indian National Congress is the oldest political party of India. The Congress was founded in 1885 by Indian and British activists who were opposed to the British Raj. Sessions First Session: held at Bombay in 1885. This was the first session held in Bombay and the conference was later renamed “ Indian National Congress”. Womesh Chandra Bannerjee, a leading lawyer of Calcutta was elected its president. - Its main objectives were: establish a powerful public opinion on political issues; bring Indians together behind a common political agenda. The principles behind the formation of Indian National Congress (INC) is given below. It was the culmination of a process of political awakening that began in the 1860s and 1870s and reached a tipping point Mar 8, 2024 · The Indian National Congress was founded on December 28, 1885, at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance. Constituting instrument. The Indian National Congress was initially focused on moderate reform under the British raj in India. Click the card to flip 👆. The Indian National Congress political party was founded in 1885. Initially, it served as a platform for Indian leaders to voice grievances and demand reforms within the British colonial system. With the cooperation of leading intellectuals of the time, A. President: W. Who gave birth to the idea? Click the card to flip 👆. From December 28 to December 30, 1885, they all gathered in Bombay. Explore The Ultimate Guide to IAS Exam Preparation. Moderate Phase (1885-1905): Reforming India, Colonial Challenges & Achievements; India’s Extremist Phase (1905-1920): Rise, Tactics, and Limitations; Surya Sen: Chittagong Raid, Struggle & Indian Republican Army; Indian Independence Committee: Anti-British Mission, Objectives, Challenges, and Conclusion Jan 22, 2024 · Indian National Congress. May 25, 2019 · The Indian National Congress ( INC ), colloquially the Congress Party or simply the Congress, is a political party in India with deep roots in most regions of India. Established in 1885, it played a crucial role in the country’s struggle for independence from British rule. The final shape to this idea was given by a retired English civil servant, A. Aug 10, 2023 · The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by educated and professional Indians who initially wanted more representation within the British colonial government. Wacha dominated the Indian National Congress. Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji and Sir Dinshaw Edulji Wacha, the Indian National Congress became the nation's leader in the Independence Movement, with over 15 million Indians involved in its Dec 4, 2017 · Here is a list of all Congress party presidents: 1885, 1892: W. Brass , Francis Robinson Chanakya Publications , 1987 - History - 480 pages Authored by B. Indian nationalism arose in the latter half of the 19th century as a result of various factors like western education, socio-religious reforms, British policies and so on. 1 / 6. N. In 1885, the Indian National Congress was formed which played a significant role in India’s freedom movement. Lord Dufferin took great interest in the matter and after considering over it for some time he sent for Mr. leaders of Congress like Gandhi, Motilal Nehru and Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, Subash Chandra Bose and Azad were the leading names of Indian Independence movement. Founded in 1885, the Indian National Congress political party was central to India's independence movement and has been the dominant ruling party since 1947. The first session of INC was presided by Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee and attended by 72 delegates from all over the country. It was founded in 1885. The liberals had long held a "moderate" position between the opposed forces of revolutionary extremism and British imperialism. Indian National Congress is one of the oldest political parties in the world. Authored by B Pattabhi Sitaramayya, the book is divided into two volumes and it traces the history of the Indian National Congress from the year 1885 to 1935. [3] A notable ornithologist, Hume has been called "the Father The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party or simply the Congress, is a political party in India with deep roots in most regions of India. Appointer. no term limit. Jun 6, 2024 · 2. Lala Lajpat Rai's Congress Safety Valve Theory Lala Lajpat Rai, the "Punjab Kesari," was a renowned Indian freedom fighter. This volume proves to be of importance for those who would like to Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The Indian National Congress (1885) and the Muslim League (1906) both worked together toward the goal of national independence from which country?, Following WWI, Turkey, Persia, Saudi Arabia, and other southwest Asian countries launched independence movements, but what resource was discovered in Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and The Indian National Congres s (INC), founded on 28 December 1885 by A. Feb 1, 2014 · This book examines the history of the Indian National Congress (INC) and its contribution to the national movement in India. [lower-alpha 2][31] From the late 19th century, and Mar 8, 2024 · Neha Grover. xii, 365 p. Two sessions of the conference were held in 1883 and 1885, and these sessions drew representatives from all major Sep 2, 2023 · - The Indian National Association was founded as the Bharat Sabha, and its first annual conference was held in Calcutta. At the time, the British (first the British East India Company and later the British Government) had controlled India for almost two centuries. Starting as an organisation comprising only of the educated elite in India, it later became a party of commoners with prominent leaders like Lajpat Rai, Bal Nov 14, 2023 · The foundation of Indian National Congress was done by 72 delegates at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Mumbai on December 28, 1885. The party has been at the forefront of Indian politics for more than a century and has played a pivotal role in shaping India into the modern nation that it is today. Indian National Congress (INC) was formed by A. G. Originally known as the Indian Nation Union, the establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885 was not a coincidence. 3. Indian National Congress (1885-1905) (in Hindi) Lesson 3 of 9 • 90 upvotes • 12:27mins. Committee consisting of members of the Indian National Congress from the National and State Committees. List of all the Sessions of Indian National Congress before Independence is listed here. Kongres Nasional India (bahasa Inggris: Indian National Congress, disingkat INC), dalam bahasa sehari-hari disebut sebagai Partai Kongres atau Kongres saja, yang juga dikenal sebagai Kongres I (yang berarti "Indira", untuk membedakannya dengan partai pecahannya, yang disebut "Kongres O" yang dipimpin oleh K. The first session of the INC was held in Bombay (now Mumbai) on December 28, 1885, with 72 delegates in attendance. वर्ष 1901: कलकत्ता। अध्यक्ष: दिनशॉ ई. In its early year the congress had no permanent organization. Indian National Union refers to a series of conference sessions generally considered to be the predecessor of Indian National Congress. On 28 December 1885, 72 social reformers, journalists and lawyers congregated for the first session of Indian National Congress at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay. He supported the idea of self-governance by Indians. The time period from 1885 to 1905 can be called the Apr 9, 2022 · The establishment of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 was neither a surprise nor a historical occurrence. The Indian National Congress (INC) is one of the oldest and most prominent political parties in India. Created in 1885 by A. Sep 13, 2023 · Download Indian National Congress (Malayalam) Indian National Congress (English Notes) Kerala PSC Degree Level Study Notes. Dec 28, 2017 · On 28 December 1885, the first session of the Indian National Congress (INC) was held at Bombay and continued till 31 December. Dec 28, 2022 · 1x 1. title: The History Of The Indian National Congress 1885 1935. It also talks about the 1892 Indian Councils Act. Established in 1885, the INC played a pivotal role in the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule. Founded in 1885, INC has a long and illustrious history of struggle and triumph. A British government employee named Allan Octavian Hume founded the party. Nov 22, 2021 · This post MCQ On Indian National Congress are most important part of your upcoming competitive as well as board exams. 16, 18, 1885. 55 Show details Hide details Indian National Conference. S. Maps of India - India's No. On 28 Dec 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay. Bonnerji, Surendranath Banerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Hume was appointed General Secretary, and Calcutta's Womesh Chandra Bannerjee was elected President. The first session of the INC was proposed at Poona , but because of an outbreak of plague in Poona, the venue was shifted to Bombay. Shortly before the Indian National Congress was founded in 1885, N. The President belonged to a region other than where the Congress session was being held. O Hume in the year 1885. THE FOUNDING YEARS (1885-1900 ) THE PRE INDEPENDENCE ERA (1900-1947 ) Indian National Congress. It divides the history of the INC and its involvement in the struggle for freedom in Dec 29, 2023 · Central Idea. 8x. Over 70 self-appointed delegates from across India participated in the Congress's first meeting. Signature. He was the first president of the Indian National Congress. Hume, who mobilized leading intellectuals of the time and, with their cooperation, organized the first session of the Indian National Congress in Bombay in December 1885. Nov 17, 2016 · The first session of the Indian National Congress was held on December 28, 1885. Incumbent Mallikarjun Kharge since 26 October 2022 (2022-10-26) Residence. 1 Maps Site Maps of India Map of Indian National Congress Sessions: Print: Email : Free Download: 5 days ago · The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay in December 1885. But a set of early Indian nationalists and a somewhat unusual British reformer came together in Bombay in 1885 to set up what was to become the primary vehicle of India’s political aspirations — the Indian National Congress. Today it is one of the two major national political parties, other being the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and operates on the ideology of Gandhian It was a period of gloom, as the Crown consolidated its rule, caring little for the well-being of Indians. It began as a party which simply wanted to influence British policy in India, then transformed to be at the helm of India ’s nationalist movement, before becoming a hegemonic force in post-Independence India, and finally seeing a decline that is still ongoing today. A total of 72 delegates from all of India’s provinces and presidencies joined forces to form the party. During this time, influential figures like Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozshah Mehta, D. Banerjee held prominent positions in Congress and shaped its policies. Other founding members include Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Wacha. (Hindi) Indian National Movement: 1885-1909 for UPSC/IAS Aspirants. The early leadership – Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W. Sep 30, 2023 · The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 under the leadership of A. May 18, 2018 · Founded in 1885, the Indian National Congress (INC) was at the forefront of the nationalist movement in India before 1947. The first session of the Indian National Congress (INC) was planned for Poona, but due to a plague outbreak in Poona, the venue was changed to Bombay. The formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 was not a coincidental occurrence. The main objective of the Moderates was to achieve self-government within the British Empire. It originally advocated for moderate reforms through constitutional agitation but later adopted nonviolent civil disobedience campaigns under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi in the 1920s-1940s. Nandini Maharaj. Pattabhi Sitaramayya, the book is divided into two volumes and it traces the history of the Indian National Congress from the year 1885 to 1935. Hume’s project would not be of much use. BHANDARE. It was the only political representative of native Indians till emergence of Muslim League. Kamaraj, seorang tokoh politik dari Tamil Nadu) merupakan sebuah partai politik di India. Jun 15, 2020 · The Indian National Congress was founded at Bombay in December 1885. Founded on 28 December 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. The first Indian National Congress session was held in 1885. O. Founded in 1885, Congress was not prominent until after World War I, when ‘Mahatma’ Gandhi transformed it into a mass independence movement, agitating by means of civil disobedience. Mar 13, 2024 · Formation of the Indian National Congress. It was started by a retired British civil servant Allan Octavian Hume along with Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Wacha. The founder of Indian National Congress is Allan Octavian Hume, a former Indian Civil Services Officer. Moderates (1885-1905) Extremists (1905-1919) Gandhian Era (1919-1947) Here in this post, we shall read about the age of THE MAKING OF THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT: 1870S-1947 143 The need for an all-India organisation of educated Indians had been felt since 1880, but the Ilbert Bill controversy deepened this desire. In general, the Indian National Congress emerged out of a growing sense of Indian nationalism in the late 1800s. After a very successful and prosperous career as a pleader. Hume and told him that, in his opinion, Mr. “Origin and Composition of the Congress,” Report of the First Indian National Congress, 1885, p. It was the culmination of a political awakening that began in the 1860s and 1870s and reached a pinnacle point in the late 1870s and early 1880s. Delegates from state and district parties attend an annual national conference, which elects a president and the All India Congress Committee. वर्ष 1920 2 days ago · Indian National Congress - Policy, Structure, Ideology: The Congress Party is a hierarchically structured party. Surendranath Banerjee and Anandamohan Bose were its main organisers. Recently elected party president Mallikarjun Kharge addressed party workers at the All India Congress Committee headquarters in New Delhi. President: 1844-1906 (Bombay, 1885, Allahabad, 1892) Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee was born on 29 December 1844, in Calcutta in an upper middle class Brahmin family of considerable social standing. Indian National Congress. The party was founded during a session of the Indian National Congress held in Bombay (now Mumbai The result was the arrangement for the first session of the Congress, called the Indian National Congress as it had received support from all parts of India, was made by Bombay Presidency Association in Gokul- das Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay. Hume organized the first session of the Indian National Congress in December 1885 in Bombay. Jul 20, 2021 · Founded in 1885 under the guidance of British civil servant Allan Octavian Hume, the Indian National Congress (INC), popularly known as the Congress, is the country’s oldest political party. After India ’ s independence in that year, the Congress emerged as the ruling party, and it maintained power uninterrupted for three decades (1947 – 1977). Indian national congress was founded by Allan Octavian Hume, in the year 1885 at GokuldasTejpal Sanskrit College with 72 delegates including lawyers, social reformers, and journalists. The journey of Congress before independence can be divided into three different phases, Different Phases of Indian National Congress. mw br pw ry fs kn ez hm pa lt